Reader with 401(k) question …

A reader sent in a question about his 401(k) plan that I think is worthwhile passing on … “Hi George, I am looking forward to retiring in the next 1-2 years. I have a 401(k) with my former employer, another 401(k) with my current employer, a small cash balance plan pension fund with my current employer, and an IRA into which I rolled my prior cash balance plan into. “My former employer’s 401(k) plan requires that I come up with a distribution plan of equal annual distributions, or take the entire amount in one distribution. “So now, I’m trying to determine the most rational way to take those distributions, such as rolling it all into my IRA, or to do a series of (say, 10) annual distributions into my IRA. “It is my understanding that I can take the distributions from my IRA at any time, in any amounts, as long as I begin the required minimum distributions (RMD) when I reach 70½. Therefore, by moving the money in my 401(k) to my IRA, I gain flexibility in the amount I take each month, and am not stuck being required to take more than I need because of a prior distribution election Am I thinking right? “If not, what is the right way to deal with these various accounts and allow myself flexibility in how I take distributions as the years go by? Please help! Thanks! Brian” Here’s my answer to Brian: To me, it looks like the simplest solution is to just move all the funds from the 401(k) into your IRAs. That could reduce the number of accounts to keep up with and give you the most flexibility as time goes on. So as far as I’m concerned, I'd say that you're thinking is right on. Good luck! George

Don't Forget to Use Your Passive Real Estate Losses!

Like me, some readers must finally be getting around to working on their 2009 income tax, because I’ve have several questions recently about passive losses, particularly on real estate. First of all, you cannot deduct every dollar you lose on a passive activity from your other income, such as salary and dividends. The IRS plugged that hole shut back in 1986. Generally speaking, you can only deduct passive losses against passive income. For example, passive losses you have as a limited partner in an oil drilling venture could only be used to offset passive income you might receive from another passive investment, like a windmill farm. And if you have no passive income, the losses could be used against any future income you might receive from the partnership. However, there is an exception for individuals who actively participate in passive real estate investments ... Rental real estate losses up to $25,000 may be deducted if your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is less than $100,000. To qualify for this offset, you must actively participate — meaning you make management decisions — own at least 10% and not be a limited partner. The $25,000 exception is phased out at the rate of 50 cents for every dollar of MAGI over $100,000. Suppose your MAGI is $110,000. The $25,000 allowance would be cut by $5,000 to a $20,000 maximum allowance. When MAGI exceeds $150,000, the $25,000 offset is not allowed Any of your passive losses that are disallowed can be carried forward indefinitely until there is passive income to offset or you sell the property. Like everything else in the IRS code, there’s a boatload of exceptions when it comes to passive income and losses. A big one is that real estate professionals don’t have to worry about the MAGI limitation. But if you’re like many investors, you probably have a rental property or two and want to make the most of any tax breaks. So be sure not to miss out on this one! Best wishes, George

Annuity Income and Tax on Social Security

A reader sent in a question about how annuity income could affect his tax on Social Security benefits: “George, I’m considering purchasing an immediate annuity. I’m 81 years old and in excellent health. The funds would come from my IRA, so I would not receive the tax break from the exclusion ratio. “I am considering this purchase because I’m currently drawing out about $1,400 a month from my IRA, or about $16,800 a year. This is affecting the tax on my Social Security income. What I don't know is if the payout from the immediate annuity would be included in the calculation of income in terms of calculating my Social Security tax? “I am aware that I’d have to pay ordinary income on the funds received. The payout on the annuity is $517 per month for life, so it reduces my income by about $10,000 a year. The question is: Will I have to include the annuity income in my Social Security calculations. “Thanks so much for any thoughts you have on this matter.” My answer: “You are correct in saying that the annuity would not qualify for the exclusion ratio since the money is coming from your IRA. And since all of the annuity’s income is taxable, it must be included in the calculation to determine how much of your Social Security benefits are taxable.” Many boomers entering retirement are not aware that their Social Security benefits could be taxable. This can apply if you are single and earning at least $25,000 a year or married and earning $32,000 or more. Earnings include one-half of your benefits and all other income, including tax-exempt interest. So before you make the decision to start taking Social Security, make sure you understand how much of those benefits will be taxable. For information, go to IRS Publication 915. Best wishes, George P.S. I’m now on Twitter. Follow me at http://twitter.com/efinancialwrite for frequent updates, personal insights and observations on how to have a healthy retirement.

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Have You Ignored this Piece of Your Retirement Plan?

Do you keep up-to-date with your retirement plan? I’m speaking of plans like your 401(k) and IRA. Hopefully you’re on top of the investments in the accounts and not just tossing unopened, quarterly statements in a dresser drawer. There is, however, an aspect of these plans that even many savvy investors completely ignore after the accounts are opened. And that is: What happens to the money when they die. Will yours go to your spouse … an ex-spouse … your children? And if no one is named, it could end up in your estate. Then the state will hand it out as they see fit. That’s why the account beneficiary form is one of the most important forms you should review regularly. Particularly, if there has been a big change in your life. And the best part is that unless you need special legal advice, it doesn’t cost you a single penny to make changes. For instance, have you recently divorced, gotten married or both? Imagine the turmoil if your ex-spouse inherited your IRA instead of your new bride? I saw that happen to a friend on mine ... He went through a long and tumultuous divorce. Then got remarried. He changed his will and trust documents, but didn’t bother with his IRA, which was in the seven figure range. Apparently he though it was covered through the will or trust. Poor guy died. Guess who ended up with the IRA? His ex-wife and her children from a prior marriage! His new wife took the issue to court … and lost. What about children or grandchildren, any new ones? Or have any become compulsive shoppers and now have bill collectors hounding them day and night? You might have to set up special provisions for them, such as a spendthrift trust, so creditors can’t get at any of their inheritance. Have any of your beneficiaries died? If so, you should name replacements. Maybe now you have a favorite charity you’d like to help out. Updating your IRA beneficiary form to leaving it a piece of your IRA is a simple way to accomplish that. Do you have minor children named as beneficiaries? Who will receive the money on their behalf? Is that person still available? And suppose one of your adult children dies before you. Does your beneficiary form use the “per stirpes” language, which passes the deceased child’s portion to his or her children? Or will it be divided among your other children? You might want to double-check the documents. What about estate and income taxes. IRA and other retirement plan assets will be included in your taxable estate. And estate taxes are due nine months after you die. Have you discussed with your beneficiaries how to come up with the cash to pay those taxes? Income taxes can often be spread out over the beneficiary’s life expectancy. However, your beneficiaries must know how to take advantage of this provision. Otherwise, they could face a huge tax bill. Finally, does anyone know where you keep important papers, like your will and deed for your home? If so, you better put a copy of the beneficiary form there, too. Nothing is static in today’s world. Not the tax laws, not the investments inside your retirement accounts and certainly not your personal situation. So for your love ones’ sake, be sure to keep on top of your beneficiary designations. Best wishes, George

Five Questions to Ask Before You Convert

There’s a good chance you’ve been given a pitch to convert. No, not to some off-the-wall religion or cult, but by your financial advisor, insurance agent or broker to move your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. And this can be a good thing ... After all, once your money hits the Roth you and your heirs will never have to worry about paying income taxes on it again. Plus unlike a traditional IRA, you won’t have to hassle with required minimum distributions beginning at 70½. So what’s not to like! One obstacle is that you’ll have to pay income tax on the amount you convert. That means, for example, coming up with $25,000 on a $100,000 conversion assuming you’re in the 25% tax bracket. But if you think you’ll be in a higher bracket when you retire or rates will go up in the future, paying the tax now could be a good choice. Think about your kids, too. Will they be in a higher bracket years down the road? Also, where will you get the money to pay the tax if you do convert? Your IRA custodian will ask if you want tax withheld from the distribution. This is generally a bad idea because you’ll end up paying taxes on those dollars, too. Moreover, it reduces the amount available to grow tax-free inside your Roth. A much better idea is to use money from outside your traditional IRA, such as from a money market or savings account. The second obstacle is dealing with the unknown ... How much do you trust Congress? Do you think they’ll revoke the tax-free status of Roths after they pocket the tax dollars you’ll fork over when you convert? The $1.4 trillion deficit they’ve rung up for 2010, plus $109 trillion Washington has promised to pay in Social Security and Medicare benefits, should be a clear warning that higher taxes are ahead. Already, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-MD) told reporters that raising taxes on middle class families will be necessary to tackle the debt. So where does this leave you if you’re thinking about converting? Consider these five points … 1. Do you have non-IRA money available to pay the taxes for the conversion?

2. Will your tax bracket be higher when you retire?

3. Is your beneficiaries’ tax bracket higher than yours?

4. Do you think Congress will raise income taxes in the future? What about your state taxes?

5. Do you think Congress will double-cross voters and tax Roths? If you answer “yes” for the first four questions, you’re probably a good candidate for a Roth conversion. It could pay off big time for you and your love ones. And if you answer “yes” for #5, then a Roth and any other tax-favored investment might be off the table for you. Best wishes, George

The Debt Clock Keeps on Ticking

Remember the Timex ad where John Cameron Swayze said: “Timex — Takes a Licking and keeps on Ticking.” Well, the folks at Timex have a long way to go if they want to catch up with our officials in Washington. Take a look at the U.S. Debt Clock. Besides the swelling national debt, you’ll find interesting facts such as how much we’re spending on Social Security, debt per citizen and income per family. Watching all the clocks tick away is a sight to behold ... Do you know, for instance, the personal savings for every citizen is only $1,100? Do you know that our Medicare liability is almost $76 trillion? How about the number of food stamp recipients? More than 41 million. But don’t let the ever-changing numbers depress you. Other than getting rid of all incumbents, there’s nothing you can do about them. Instead, study them ... memorize a few of the choice ones. Then imagine how you could use those goodies to impress your friends and family at the upcoming July 4 picnic. Best wishes and happy clock watching! George

Make Your Nest Egg Last Longer Without Shortchanging Your Love Ones

Immediate annuities are getting a lot of publicity lately. And it’s the good kind … First, a quick background on immediate annuities: You put a lump sum of money into an immediate annuity contract, and the insurance company guarantees you’ll receive a fixed income for the rest of your life. When you die, the payments stop. The size of the payments depends on the amount you deposit and your age. The older you are, the higher the payments since the insurance company is betting you won’t beat their life expectancy tables. There are other versions available that pay for a set number of years and options that will make sure a survivor, like your spouse, continues to get an income. But let’s just stay with the basic annuity today. For years, immediate annuities were portrayed as low-yielding, boring investments. Stocks and real estate left annuity returns in the dust. Then the dot-com bubble broke. Then real estate blew up. And most recently, financials have taken a bloody beating. Through it all, though, annuity holders have been getting their checks month, after month, after month. And now annuities have become the belle of the ball! Even President Obama has endorsed the importance of an immediate annuity. Without saying so, I imagine he realizes that Social Security will spend more than it takes in by 2016, and will be broke by 2037. Plus he must know that pension plans are on their way out. So it’s up to you to do everything you can to fill the gap that the government and your employer cannot. And an immediate annuity could be just what you need. For instance, you might consider an immediate annuity for paying fixed expenses, like your homeowners insurance, real estate taxes and utilities. Suppose that comes out to $1,000 per month. According to immediateannuities.com, a 65-year old male in Florida would need to come up with $158,019 to guarantee he’d get $1,000 a month for the rest of his life. Granted, that’s a hefty chuck of change. But that $1,000 will come in regardless of what’s happening to stocks, bonds, real estate or gold. Plus it’ll continue as long as he lives … even if that’s another 65 years! If you like this idea so far, great. Yet there’s a potential problem: Your love ones. Because once you pay for the annuity contract, the money belongs to the insurance company. There is, however, a way to make sure your need for a safe source of income doesn’t leave your heirs out in the cold … and that’s with life insurance. You could use part of the annuity income to buy an insurance policy with a death benefit equal to the amount you put into the annuity. Another idea is to liquidate a poor performing investment you’ve been holding forever, and buy a single-premium life insurance policy. There are other strategies you can use, too. So it’s a good idea to get with a financial planner or an insurance agent who can help you find what will work best for you and your nest egg. Best wishes, George